Distinct influences of large-scale circulation and regional feedbacks in two exceptional 2019 European heatwaves
Foi recentemente publicado um artigo assinado pelos investigadores Pedro M. Sousa, Pedro M. Soares e Ricardo M. Trigo, em colaboração com investigadores da Facultad de Ciencias Físicas e Instituto de Geociencias (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), na revista da Nature "Communications Earth & Environment", intitulado: "Distinct influences of large-scale circulation and regional feedbacks in two exceptional 2019 European heatwaves".No contexto do aquecimento global, os episódios de calor extremo representam um dos ‘temas quentes' na investigação científica actual. Eventos como o observado no Verão de 2019 na Europa (com temperaturas máximas acima de 45°C em França e acima de 40°C na Bélgica e na Holanda) tiveram impactos socioeconómicos muito significativos e alcançaram ampla cobertura na comunicação social, quebrando recordes históricos, muitos deles estabelecidos durante as ondas de calor históricas do Verão de 2003.Em contraste com os Verões europeus anteriores, como 2003 ou 2010, o Verão de 2019 assistiu a duas grandes ondas de calor consecutivas na Europa Ocidental (não apenas a uma), associadas a condições persistentes de seca. Neste artigo da revista Nature Communications Earth & Environment, os investigadores desenvolvem uma abordagem multidisciplinar que fornece uma síntese das características essenciais deste duplo evento (enquadrando-o no contexto histórico) e explicam os principais mecanismos físicos subjacentes, nomeadamente o papel da circulação atmosférica e a amplificação das ondas de calor devido à seca.AbstractTwo separate heatwaves affected western Europe in June and July 2019, in particular France, Belgium, the Netherlands, western Germany and northeastern Spain. Here we compare the European 2019 summer temperatures to multi-proxy reconstructions of temperatures since 1500, and analyze the relative influence of synoptic conditions and soil-atmosphere feedbacks on both heatwave events. We find that a subtropical ridge was a common synoptic set-up to both heatwaves. However, whereas the June heatwave was mostly associated with warm advection of a Saharan air mass intrusion, land surface processes were relevant for the magnitude of the July heatwave. Enhanced radiative fluxes and precipitation reduction during early July added to the soil moisture deficit that had been initiated by the June heatwave. We show this deficit was larger than it would have been in the past decades, pointing to climate change imprint. We conclude that land-atmosphere feedbacks as well as remote influences through northward propagation of dryness contributed to the exceptional intensity of the July heatwave.Sousa, P.M., Barriopedro, D., García-Herrera, R. et al. Distinct influences of large-scale circulation and regional feedbacks in two exceptional 2019 European heatwaves. Commun Earth Environ 1, 48 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00048-9